Satire in Great Gatsby (Chapter 5) Essay Example

Satire in Great Gatsby (Chapter 5) Paper In the novel, The Great Gatsby, F. Scott Fitzgerald satirizes how newly wealthy Americans acted during the 1920’s through Jay Gatsby. The 1920’s was nicknamed the ‘Roaring Twenties’, and during this time period, many people were much more wealthy and were only interested in big, extravagant things. Jay Gatsby is an example of this. He was born poor, gained his wealth, and now he throws big parties at his mansion to impress hundreds of people. In the beginning of Chapter 5, Nick arrives at West Egg to find Gatsby’s mansion lighting up the night sky. Nick said to Gatsby, â€Å"Your place looks like the World’s Fair† (81). The significance of Nicks statement shows how Gatsby tries to be â€Å"old money†, when really he is â€Å"new money†. Gatsby tries to show off his wealth by turning on every single light in his mansion, but he lacks the class of those who really are â€Å"old money†. This satirizes how wealthy people were during the 1920s; they were obnoxious and did not have the same class as those who were wealthy before that time period. Another example of this is when Fitzgerald tells the reader what Gatsby is wearing for when Daisy comes over Nick’s house. We will write a custom essay sample on Satire in Great Gatsby (Chapter 5) specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Satire in Great Gatsby (Chapter 5) specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Satire in Great Gatsby (Chapter 5) specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Fitzgerald wrote, â€Å"Gatsby, in a white flannel suit, silver shirt, and gold-colored tie, hurried in† (84). Daisy knows Gatsby as a poor man that she used to love, but couldn’t be with because her family didn’t approve. Gatsby still loves Daisy, and he dresses like this because he wants to impress her. Newly wealthy people during the 1920’s always wore expensive clothing. Gatsby dressing like this just satirizes those people, and shows he truly isn’t â€Å"old money†, no matter how hard he tries to be. Later in the chapter, Gatsby invited Daisy and Nick over to his house because he wants to show off his mansion to Daisy. Gatsby said, â€Å" I want you and Daisy to come over to my house† (89). Gatsby brought Daisy to his house, and even though she was impressed with what he has become, even Daisy realized that everything he owned is inelegant, and doesn’t have the same type of possessions that â€Å"old money† people have. This satirizes how people during the 1920’s tried to show off their flashy possessions, but they don’t truly have as much worth. Fitzgerald’s use of satire of newly wealthy people during the 1920’s are truly expressed through Gatsby’s actions and belongings.

Ana Maria Matute- Sin of Omission Essay Example

Ana Maria Matute Ana Maria Matute- Sin of Omission Paper Ana Maria Matute- Sin of Omission Paper Ana Maria Matute is one of the most significant writers in Spain today. Some of the autobiographic details, especially those of her early life are extremely important, as they influenced her work to a considerable extent. She was born in Barcelona in 1926 in a well-to-do family, but some of the events of her childhood left deep marks on her personality. The most important of these is the Civil War, which is probably the source of one of the most important themes of her writing: the loss of innocence. Also, the lack of affection in her own family where she felt neglected is probably at the root of the isolation and loneliness of the characters in her fiction. Other personal data, like her sickness as a child which endangered her life, shaped the pessimistic view of the world that her work expresses. Usually the autobiographical details are not used directly in her work, but they are still recognizable under the guise of her subjectivity. Sin of Omission is based, for example, on her e xperience of the Civil War, although indirectly. The short story tackles more than one theme at the same time: first of all, the religious underpinnings are obvious even from the title. It is a story about sin, about right and wrong, about human nature and human life. The title of the story is very significant as it offers the author’s subjective interpretation of the events in the text, which, otherwise are recounted in an objective tone. The author intentionally builds up a slight confusion around the word ‘sin’: according to the sixth commandment in the Old Testament, the sin in the story should be the murder of Emeterio, committed by Lope. The title indicates however that this is not so. The true sin is that of â€Å"omission†, therefore a sin which is not related to any performed act but precisely to what has not been done. It is Emeterio’s omission to provide anything else than the strictly necessary material needs for Lope, something which is not unlike murder in a figurative sense. Thus, the story is a brief overview of an orphan boy’s life, named Lope. The teenager is sent by a distant relative, a cousin of his father to be a shepherd in Sagrado. He is thirteen when the story begins when his mother dies. The story already mentions that he hadn’t been to school for three years, which is one of the â€Å"omissions† in the boy’s life. After he had been a shepherd for five years, Emeterio Ruiz Heredia calls him back to the village for a medical control and Lope accidentally meets on of his former school colleagues, Manuel Enriquez. The sharp contrast between the two boys, Lope a shepherd and Manuel a lawyer dressed in an elegant suit, is what generates the conflict of the story and brings it to its climax. Lope sees in the other boy the things that he has been deprived of by being sent as a shepherd in the mountains: a career, the possibility of cultivating his mind and his sensibility. There is a long list of omissions that, even if it is not given by the author, can be intuitively understood by the reader. Emeterio and his family, with a wife that had â€Å" a sharp tongue† and a twenty years old daughter already form a hostile environment for the Lope: â€Å"[†¦] even if he took him in when he became an orphan, without inheritance or trade†, Emeterio and his family didn’t treat him right. The act of sending him as a shepherd to earn his own money, although seemingly a good deed to an orphan boy, is in fact a great injustice. The positive gesture is only done halfway. Emeterio provides Lope with a trade that will help him live and have enough to eat, but for the rest, isolates him and refuses to give him an education even if he is advised to do so by the boy’s former teacher. The attributes that are human in Lope are completely ignored by his foster parent. The isolation in the mountains with only one other shepherd, who is fifty years old and a bit retarded, is symbolic: Emeteri o deprives him of human contact exactly at the time that his character and his understanding of life are being formed. The silence of his companion and of his surroundings is very limiting for the boy. It can not be said that a shepherd’s life would be bad for anyone, but for Lope it is, as he has been denied the education and the possibility to open his mind, as the author hints in the dialogue between Emeterio and Lope’s teacher: â€Å"’I have seen the Lope he said- he was mounting to Sagrado. It’s a pity for the boy. ‘Yes said Emeterio, cleaning his lips with the back of the hand.He goes as a shepherd. You know: one has to earn his money. Life is bad.’(Matute, 199) Emeterio’s limited view of life prevents him from seeing the wrong of sending the boy away as a shepherd. Matute’s main concern here is with human nature: a human being needs more than merely enough to eat or drink, and Emeterio denies these things to Lope exactly when the latter would have to open up to the world. As Jones emphasizes, Matute shows here the contrast between reality and the possibility of the ideal: â€Å"Ana Marà ­a Matutes foremost concern is man and human nature, to which she attributes unchanging characteristics conveyed to the reader by fixed literary patterns. The interpretation of the eternal condition of mankind moves from a study of individual situations to a view of history, and both specific characters and the wider perspective of historyand this is history in the sense of private history, not great eventsderive from an original notion of time. Time patterns hint at a dark side of life and emphasize mans unhappiness, loneliness and the difference between the reality of life and ideal possibilities.â€Å"(Jones, 283) The ideal for Lope is never realized, but he senses the omissions in his life when he meets with his former school companion. One of the greatest injustice is thus that of the lack of humanity in the way Lope is treated by Emeterio’s family. Not only is he isolated in Sagrado, but receives no attention or affection from the people surrounding him.   As Ordonez pointed out, Matute’s story is pervaded by a pervasive solitude and faulty communication: â€Å"[†¦] an isolation between the self and others; between the self and itself; pervasive solitude; separation caused by death, divorce and faulty communication.†(Ordonez, 11) The name of â€Å"Sagrado† is itself symbolic as it is the Spanish word for â€Å"sacred†, accentuating the religious themes of the story. The scenery described is also significant. The ceiling of the little clay hut where Lope lived and the sheer blue sky are contrasted here: the boy wakes up every day to the monotonous life in the mountains. Although the sky and the sun seem to indicate greatness, the little clay hut in which the two men could only go in by crawling seems cumbersome and suffocating: â€Å"The summits of Sagrado were beautiful, of a deep blue, a terrible, blind one. The sun, high and round, reigned there like an undaunted pupil. In the fog of the dawn, when the humming of the flies and the creaking was not heard yet, Lope used to wake up, with the clay ceiling in front of his eyes. He remained quiet awhile, feeling by his side the body of Roque Mediano, like a breathing bulk.† (Matute, 199) The author’s description of the roots that the men â€Å"hug† when they sleep in the hut is very significant: the verb â€Å"to hug† is used intentionally to underline the boy’s utter loneliness and the fact that he is deprived of any human contact. The whole atmosphere seems muffled and heavy, one in which the human shouts are lost, unheard: â€Å"In the same sky, crossing like fugitive stars, the shouts were lost, useless and great. Only God knew where they would fall. Like stones. Like the years. One year, two, five.†(Matute, 199) The boy suffers in the small, crowded hut, and under the contrasting, great sky that cannot hear the shouts of men. At the end of the story the effect of this heavy silence on the boy is again indicated. When he meets his companion, the boy is at first befuddled by the latter’s elegant clothes and by the fine cigar box he tends to him. He then feels the sharp contrast between them, between their hand and their whole appearance. The fact that Lope cannot understand what Manuel is saying is very telling: he cannot relate to another human being after having lived for five years in absolute isolation, without talking or thinking or knowing anything about life: â€Å"Who could understand what he was saying?†. The words and accents of the other man seem strange and unusual to Lope, who has only been accustomed to silence. The climax of the story, when Lope, after his encounter with Manuel, picks up a huge stone and hurtles it at his adoptive relative might seem shocking, but in fact, the murder comes almost naturally in the muffled atmosphere of the text. It is recounted as if it were another killing during a war. The actual sin in the story is not this murder but the seemingly innocent omissions in Emeterio’s behavior. Lope’s crime is very significant as it indicates what other critics have termed as a â€Å"moral ambiguity† in Matute’s works: â€Å"While she lost no family or close relatives during the war, one of Ana Marà ­as professors was killed attempting to escape to France. But the constant sensation of loss in her works is the result of a loss much more fundamental and irreplaceable: the loss of childhood, of innocence, of beliefs, of a whole world and the values on which it was based. That moral ambiguity, to which some critics have objected in Matutes works, is evidently a result of the Civil War.†(Diaz, 145) The author was immensely affected by the Civil War which made her understand the dreadful part of life- with its murders and horrors at an age when she was still innocent. The war which is in itself immoral and shatters one’s ideas about right and wrong influenced her view of morality, and made her see murder differently. This is why Matute ends chooses to punish the omissions in Lope’s life in a very radical manner. The blame is clearly lain on Emeterio, and the murder is almost unquestioned by the author. Thus, the war as an autobiographical source seems to be the main factor of influence for the moral attitude the author gives in her story: â€Å"The dominating concern with the Civil War is definitely of autobiographical origin, and where descriptions of the war are offered, they often have an autobiographical basis, as the novelist experienced bombings, witnessed shootings and burnings and other horrors of war.†(Diaz, 111) There are other autobiographical elements of the author’s life that influence Sin of Omission, as her illness that has brought her in contact the poverty and misery of existence in the countryside: â€Å"[Matutes] illness at the age of eight was particularly important for her interest in, and understanding of, the Castilian landscape, for she was sent to live with her grandparents during an extended convalescence, thus becoming acquainted with a countryside different from that of her summers, with new aspects of life, with the misery, poverty, and struggle for existence.†(Diaz, 146) Thus, in Sin of Omission not only morality is questioned, but also human life in general because of the difficulties of material existence that seem other aspects, like spirituality, seem irrelevant. The view on life she gives is extremely pessimistic because it presents the harshness of reality and the hostile environment for man. The focus on childhood and the early stages of life is also symbolic because it focuses on the moment in which the disenchantment takes place: â€Å"An interesting aspect of the question of Matutes utilization of autobiographical material is her apparent concentration on the early part of her life. The autobiographical elements mentioned heretofore and come from the period ending with the close of the Civil War, and are thus taken from only the first thirteen years of the novelists life. From this point on, she uses almost no autobiographical materials.†(Diaz, 147) This is why the murder done by Lope can be seen differently now: it is a radical gesture meant to symbolize the inadaptability of man to the hostile conditions of life, which is full of â€Å"omissions†: â€Å"There is nothing unusual about her marked division between the periods of childhood, adolescence and adulthood, but the transition between these stages is occasioned by a strange timetable. Children grow suddenly when forced to abandon a world of fantasy and accept the harshness of reality. If they cannot adjust to the adult world or refuse to do so, they must die, and the mortality rate for children in these works is exceedingly high. (Jones, 286)

Project Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Project - Assignment Example The payoffs on the covered call position are related to the short put standing, the premium is the same as of the naked put (Kendrick, 2012). General electric trade shows the highest potential yields since it has bid premium of $1.14 that yields 12.23% and GE decreased its dividend to $10 from a high of $31 per quarter. Let’s look at the scenarios of pay offs at GE in a minimum span of six months, One has an alternative of 100 shares at the price of $18.79 and sells the shares in January at $19.00 call at $1.14 per share and after minimum number of days receive $114.00, later on prior to expiration collect $30.00 with almost three times the original expected yield. Is a risk management strategy for investors that involve use of shares and stocks to guard against the unrealized gains loss. It reduces the investor’s possible gain from the security he owns but is also a form of insurance. In the market the GE has provided certain basis from which investors can make proper analysis, example of which we use here. An investor purchased a stock of $12 that now is rated at a worth of $24 but has not put it on sell, the unrealized gains can be rated at $12. The investor can as well purchase a put option for the underlying stock if he still believes that he is not ready to sell but is also keen not to lose the gain of twelve. The investor can be able to increase the put option gain if the prices continue to rise and losses when they fall as illustrated in the graph. An option can be said to be a strategy that is used by investors in trading. It involves a simultaneous purchase and sale of two options that are categorized under the same type but have different expiration dates. The two are sold at different strike prices. The payoffs are shown by the narrowing and albeit, widening of the differences that exists between

MGT506 - Strategic Leadership, Mod 4 SLP Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

MGT506 - Strategic Leadership, Mod 4 SLP - Essay Example Among the leadership styles employed may include; task oriented, relationship oriented, dictatorship, and transactional, transformational, charismatic, participative and bureaucratic style of leadership (Lussier & Achua, 2010). This study will focus on both task and relationship styles of leadership. Below is a survey results indicating task Verses Relationship leadership style of leadership Questions Never†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.Always 1. Tells group members what they are supposed to do. 2. Sets standards for performance of the group. 3. Makes suggestion about how to solve the problem. 4. Makes his or her perspective clear to others 5. Develop a plan of actions for the group. 6. Defines roles responsibility for each member 7. Clarifies his or her own role within the group 8. Provides a plan for how the work is to be done 9. Provides criteria for what is expected of the group 10. Encourage group members to do high-quality work. 1 2 3 5 1 3 4 5 2 3 4 5 1 3 4 5 1 2 4 5 2 3 4 5 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 1 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 Total score for â€Å"A† orientation 4+2+1+2+3+1+1+5+2+3=26 =26 Scores Questions Never†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.Always 11. Act friendly with members of the group. 12. Helps others feel comfortable the group. 13. Responds favorably to responses made by others. 14. Treats others fairly. 15. Behaves in a predictable manner towards group members. 16. Communicates effectively with group members. 17. Shows concern for well-being of others. 18. Shows flexibility in making decisions. 19. Disclose thoughts and feelings to group members. 20. Helps group members to get a long. 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 5 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 5 1 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 5 1 2 3 5 1 2 4 5 1 2 3 4 Total score for â€Å"B† orientation 5+4+5+4+2+5+4+4+3+5= = 41 Scores A =  Task  Orientation Scores: 26 B =  Relationship  Orientation Scores: 41 Scale 45-50  Ã‚  Ã‚  Very high range 40-44  High range 35-39 moderately high range 30-34 moderately low range 25 -29  Low range 10-24  Very low range Analysis Based on the above survey, the scores indicates that task oriented leadership stand at 26 score while relationship oriented leadership style stands at 41 score. This indicates that the scores for relationship oriented style were within a scale of 40-44 (high range) while on the other hand, the scores for task oriented leadership lies within a scale of 25-29 (low range). This means that the leaders of this organization utilized relationship focus type of leadership. Where, leaders help members of the organization to understand their roles by providing them with necessary support as well as organizing how task will be executed (Daft & Lane, 2008). This means that this type of leadership not only encourages integration but also collaboration among team members (Daft & Lane, 2008). Therefore, the above results will be utilized by the leaders of this organization to strike a balance between task and relationship in order to become more ef ficient and effective in their future leadership. This is because both task and relationship oriented leadership styles complement each other (Goethals, Sorenson & Burns, 2004). For example, employees feel motivated to execute organization goals when treated with care and concern (Goethals, Sorenson & Burns, 2004). This may further leads to an increase in productivity and efficiency within an organization (Bolden, Gosling, Marturano & Dennison, 2003). Therefore, leaders should focus on relationship oriented type of leadership

Communicating Expectations Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Communicating Expectations - Assignment Example The work involved scheduling work and filling worksheets. Based on the information contained in the worksheets, each worker would have a specific duty to attend to. Every worker would have a worksheet that detailed where they would be working, the specific type of work they would be doing, how much time they would need to perform the work, and the main procedure involved in completing the work. After the work had been done, each worker the supervisors would certify that the workers did all the work specified in the work sheets. Based on the worksheets, the employees working on contract would be paid. Because each day had different demands, the worksheets had to be prepared every morning based on the orders that the company received. While everything worked well when the company had few orders to deliver, there was a big problem whenever there were several orders. The process of filling worksheets was slow much as I tried hard to cope with the numerous worksheets to fill. Many times, workers idled around as they waited for their worksheets while in fact they should have been working. This meant that sometimes the company failed to deliver its orders within deadline which never went well with the management. Realizing where the problem was, the manager in charge of my department informed me that I had to find a way of ensuring that the worksheets were produced within a much shorter time. He emphasized that he believed that I could find a way of making the process faster and more efficient so that production would be improved. I took his word positively and tried even more to work faster. There was a slight improvement in production as I produced more worksheets within a shorter time within three days. However, the manager still insisted that he believed that I could do much more to realize real change. I knew I was putting my very best effort and could not see at that time how I could work even faster. I got into real thought

The Secularization Thesis

The Secularization Thesis It was Voltaire who said, If God did not exist, it would be necessary to invent him. Our theory agrees. (Stark and Bainbridge 1987, page 23). These words uttered by Stark and Bainbridge back in 1987 offer a glimpse into the longstanding and heated debated between the previously dominant, the Secularization Thesis and the completing Supply Side Theory, in academic sociology. Both theories have profound implications for the future of religion as a force in society. This essay will look at two articles published in the Sociology of Religion. Firstly, this essay will look at the two completing theories of the Secularization Thesis and the Supply Side. Secondly, a summary of the main points of Starks article entitled Secularization: RIP† in 1999, and Bruces 2001 response article entitled Christianity in Britain: RIP will be presented. Looking critically at both articles, this essay will conclude that Stark has won the debate for this around. The secularization thesis dates from when the theory of development was at the high of its influence. The theory in its modern incantation comes from the work of British sociologist Bruan Wilson in the 1960s. This twofold thesis was based on the observation that since the French and industrial revolutions in Europe in the 19th and 20 centuries have lead to a decline in religiosity. Firstly, this theory used Modernity as an explanation for the exit of Christianity from the world. Secondary, this theory, would have the same effects on all types of societies. It saw the extinction of religion from an enlightened world. On the other hand, Supply Side Theory came to challenge the secularization theory in the 1980s. This theory aims to explain religiosity. Proponents believe that there is a constant potential human demand for religious goods over time and between societies. They believe that as the supply of these goods fluctuates, these fluctuations explain the different levels of religio us vigour in different societies. Basically, the greater the religious diversity of a society, the better the religious vigour in that society. As previously noted the secularization thesis theory has come under aggressive attack. Rodney Stark, then teaching at the University of Washington in 1999 published his article â€Å"Secularization, R.I.P. in the Sociology of Religion journal. In this article, Stark clearly argues that the Secularisation theoy, is out-dated, old-fashioned and, as the title of his article highlights, the theory is dead and should be left to rest in peace Stark begins his article by noting, â€Å"[f]or nearly three centuries, social scientists and assorted western intellectuals have been promising the end of religion†. Stark makes five major claims about the thesis. Firstly, according to Stark, Modernity and modernisation is seen by theorists to be the cause of secularization. He notes that modernisation is a â€Å"long, gradual, relatively stable process†, and that if secularization is the result of modernisation, there will be a corresponding â€Å"long-term, gradual, and relatively constant trend of religious decline†. Secondly, to Stark, the focus of the predictions is on individual piety, especially belief, not institutional differentiation. He believes that some supporters of the secularization thesis have changed their focus and definition so they do not have to admit that their thesis is failed. In fact, Stark agrees religion institutions have less power and that religious ritual and symbols have become le ss common in public life. Starks third argument is that in all versions of the thesis the claim that â€Å"of all aspects of modernization, it is science that has the most deadly implications for religion†. Fourthly, Secularization is irreversible. Nevertheless, Stark disagrees with this by noting Andree Greeleys 1994 comment that after 70 years of Soviet Union militant efforts to achieve secularisation â€Å"St. Vladimir has routed Karl Marx†. Finally, Stark notes that the thesis applies globally. While the theorists have mostly focuses on Christianity, â€Å"belief in supernatural powers† is going to die out all over the world. Allah and Jehovah will both join each other as an â€Å"interesting historical memory†. Secularization, R.I.P., then gets into specifics. To Stark the secularization thesis has failed to be an accurate prediction due to six main reasons. Firstly, it is a myth that there has been a decline in religious belief and participation because â€Å"there has been no demonstrable long-term decline in European religious participation† and in Europe â€Å"levels of subjective religiousness remain high.† Next, he argues that there has never been an â€Å"Age of Faith†. To Stark most Europeans did not attend church during the middle Ages and during the Renaissance. In fact, he highlights that many clergy were incompetent and that clergy were often absent from their parishes. In addition, while there were â€Å"periodic explosions of mass religious enthusiasm†, this offers even stronger evidence against involvement in organized religion. As a result, it can be said religious participation sometimes rises and sometimes declines. Thirdly, he argues that never was Europe really Christianized. Stark believes that although early Christianity was a â€Å"mass social movement in a highly competitive environment,† it lost its energy after it became the official religion of the Roman Empire. After Emperor Constantine converted to Christianity, there was never an attempt to convert the general population of Europe. This ties in to his fourth argument. Stark notes that while some theorists confirm there was no â€Å"Age of Faith, to them people still had high levels of religious belief, even if they did not go to church. Stark believes, using secular Iceland as an example, this still applies today, noting that while Iceland only has 2 percent church attendance, only 2.4 percent of the country are atheists. Fifthly, â€Å"if secularization is to show up anywhere it must show up among scientists†. However, Stark discovers that many scientists report being religious. Evidence that there is a conflict between religion and science is m ostly fictional, and scientists are not â€Å"notably irreligious†. Finally, Stark ends his rant about the fails of the Secularization theory by stating that evidence from Eastern Europe, Muslim nations and practitioners of Asian â€Å"folk† religions that modernity is compatible with religion. In 2001, Steven Bruce, Professor of Sociology at the University of Aberdeen, responded to Stark, with the appropriately titled â€Å"Christianity in Britain, R.I.P.†. Bruce disagrees with Starks hypothesis that the secularisation is simply a myth, based upon underestimating the religious vitality of the of the world today. Furthermore, Stark argued that this myth also exaggerated the religiosity of the past age of faith. In order to refute Starks claims, Bruce uses Britain as an example. Firstly, Bruce looks back at pre-industrial Britain. While knowledge of religion and its orthodoxy may have been limited, in order for there to be no golden age of faith we would have to be able accept nine â€Å"sociologically implausible assumptions†. These range from wondering if the most powerful national institution had little or no impact upon the people. To why would people allow such a large amount of the wealth of Britain go to this institution which they did not support. To Br uce, religious beliefs then were still far more pervasive and influential than they are now. Next, Bruce looks at various indicators of the decline of Christianity in Britain over the last 150 years. Today, most Christian communities are in decline. Even if we just look to surveys done in 1951, 1990, and 2000 there is a clear trend of dramatic decline. Bruce goes as far to comment that using the long-term stable trend of the decline of Church membership and attendance, it is possible to make a statistical projection that by the 2030s the main Christian denominations will cease to exist. (Methodist). Bruce clearly believes that no amount of supply side revisionism will change the fact that Christianity in Britain is in serious trouble. Bruce then takes a critical look at supply-side theories of religion, which argue that demand is constant and that levels of religious vitality therefore depend on the supply, which is greatest when there is a free and competitive market for providers. He asks that considering Christianity has always valued collective acts of worship, and if there is a free marketplace for religion and no lack of shortage of Christian organisations. Surly this should be expressed in some way. Bruce notes that while the New Age movement might appear to demonstrate the existence of widespread informal religious belief, perhaps of an enduring need for religion, his examination of the extent, nature, and significance of that movement suggests otherwise, noting that they are â€Å"numerically all but irrelevant†. The memberships of these new organisations do not sufficiently make up for those lost from the more traditional denominations, which are in danger of dwindling past the demographic point o f no return.

Korea and the Internet :: Computers Language Communication Papers

Korea and the Internet Since its birth a generation ago, the Internet has been dominated by the English language and North American culture. In a 1998 survey conducted by the Internet research group, eMarketer, two-thirds (68 percent) of a little over 60 million Internet users worldwide reside in just two countries, the United States, with 37 million users, and Canada, which has just over 4 million. About 60 percent of the Internet host computers are located in the United States. Nine out of 10 Internet users today are English-speaking. No fewer than 82 percent of home pages (web sites) are in English, according to the Internet Society’s survey of 60,000 computers with Internet addresses. Yet some foresee an end to this electronic hegemony. The number of non-U.S. Internet users is about to outnumber those inside the country soon and increase by nine-fold over the next five years, from 16.4 million in 1997 to 143 million by the year 2002, representing an annual growth rate of 70 percent. In that case, the present practice of conducting business, presenting news and information, and performing discussion on the Internet will have to be drastically changed. The widespread use of English will eventually be contested and the Internet itself will become multicultural. This is already happening. A consortium of American computer companies has developed a universal digital code known as Unicode to allow computers to represent the letters and characters of virtually all the world’s languages. Major search engines like Yahoo and Excite offer their services in multiple languages. Netscape Communications in partnership with the leading Latin American Internet service, Star Media Network, provides a free Internet guide in Spanish and Portuguese. Internet services in languages other than English, like Star Media, are starting to provide world and regional news, weather, stock listings, e-mail, chat rooms, Internet access and more, all in the users’ native language. Given such developments, optimists argue that far from ending diversity, the Internet will promote it by allowing even small groups of people to disseminate their messages worldwide. By overtaking the "middle range" languages, it may actually protect minority languages threatened with extinction. A wider range of languages on the Internet means at least in theory that a wider range of ideas will be exchanged in a cyberspace, the long-promised global village. Despite a tremendous influx of non-English languages in recent years, however, the Internet has a long way to go before it becomes a truly multilingual medium.

Environmental Protection Agency

Environmental Protection Agency is an agency of the United States government that protects human health and the environment. It also writes the rule and makes sure that it is followed. The industry regulations are set by A federal standards. The US federal emission standards for engines and vehicles, including standard for greenhouse gas emissions, are established by the US Environmental Protection Agency. The EPA authority regulates engine emissions and the air quality based on the clean air act in 1990. The noncompliant behavior addressed in the article state that â€Å"Germany top domestic automakers may have evaded emissions rules†. Follow by weeks later another article, state that â€Å"BMW's x5 model, built in 2009 to 2013 and BMW 330D model, sold in 2009 to 2011. All the of the models emit levels of nitrogen oxide higher than their gasoline counterparts†. The development of engine emission standard happen when a procedure of the US rule creates it. New regulation is published as proposed rules, then follow by a time of public discussion. Furthermore, the new rule is finalized and signed into law. In the BMW noncompliant case German prosecutors, the United State Justice Department and EPA searched and seized potential evidence at BMW headquarter in Austria. Follow by United State Justice Department files class action lawsuit in a New Jersey court for alleged emissions cheating on diesel vehicles. The BMW vehicles promised power, fuel economy, and efficiency are obtained only by turning off or turning down emission controls when the software in there vehicles senses that they are not in an emissions testing environments. The enforcement of the problem that cause the raid were software had been installed by mistake, and the company had not intentionally tired to deceive regulators. During internal testing, â€Å"BMW realized that a correctly developed software module had been allocated in error to models. BMW would recall about 11,000 cars containing the software fix the problem†. Governance, risk management and compliance is an organization approach across three areas: Governance, risk management and compliance. It is an integrated collection of capabilities that enable an organization to reliably achieve objectives. It is referred to keeping the company on track, activities manage in department such as internal audit, compliance, risk, legal, finance, IT, HR, and executive suite. â€Å"The compliance challenges are in five different areas: Organizational for a complex business process supporting financial operations are often linked to complex IT systems that are still manual and paper driven. Psychological are most decision makers look at regulation as extra constraints to their operations. Financial are a critical element is the cost implication. Technical can create a flexible framework that can nurture a business can serve well for the regulators. Political and public pressure on regulators are certainly other factors. New political may mean some will regulation will be withdrawn from the market and now ones can be introduced.† The BMW Group's corporate culture is clear with responsibility, mutual respect and trust. Lawful conduct and fair competition are integral to our business activities and an important condition for securing the long-term success of our company. BMW Group also established a compliance management system equipped with instruments and measure to help associates and managers handle legal risks and therefore ensure legal compliance. Regulatory Specialist for â€Å"Oasis Petroleum† – This position is responsible for state and local environmental and regulatory permitting in support of oil and gas operations. The duties will include regulatory reporting at the State and Federal levels. The job functions are responsible for the preparation and tracking of all regulatory operations. Meet with government officials in the regulatory department to ensure company strategy align with rulemaking.Coordinate regulatory hearings and proceedings. Make certain all annual updates, renewal, and reports are submitted to state and local municipal entities. Keep company informed of any changes to permit requirements to ensure compliance. Environmental Protection Agency Environmental Protection Agency is an agency of the United States government that protects human health and the environment. It also writes the rule and makes sure that it is followed. The industry regulations are set by A federal standards. The US federal emission standards for engines and vehicles, including standard for greenhouse gas emissions, are established by the US Environmental Protection Agency. The EPA authority regulates engine emissions and the air quality based on the clean air act in 1990. The noncompliant behavior addressed in the article state that â€Å"Germany top domestic automakers may have evaded emissions rules†. Follow by weeks later another article, state that â€Å"BMW's x5 model, built in 2009 to 2013 and BMW 330D model, sold in 2009 to 2011. All the of the models emit levels of nitrogen oxide higher than their gasoline counterparts†. The development of engine emission standard happen when a procedure of the US rule creates it. New regulation is published as proposed rules, then follow by a time of public discussion. Furthermore, the new rule is finalized and signed into law. In the BMW noncompliant case German prosecutors, the United State Justice Department and EPA searched and seized potential evidence at BMW headquarter in Austria. Follow by United State Justice Department files class action lawsuit in a New Jersey court for alleged emissions cheating on diesel vehicles. The BMW vehicles promised power, fuel economy, and efficiency are obtained only by turning off or turning down emission controls when the software in there vehicles senses that they are not in an emissions testing environments. The enforcement of the problem that cause the raid were software had been installed by mistake, and the company had not intentionally tired to deceive regulators. During internal testing, â€Å"BMW realized that a correctly developed software module had been allocated in error to models. BMW would recall about 11,000 cars containing the software fix the problem†. Governance, risk management and compliance is an organization approach across three areas: Governance, risk management and compliance. It is an integrated collection of capabilities that enable an organization to reliably achieve objectives. It is referred to keeping the company on track, activities manage in department such as internal audit, compliance, risk, legal, finance, IT, HR, and executive suite. â€Å"The compliance challenges are in five different areas: Organizational for a complex business process supporting financial operations are often linked to complex IT systems that are still manual and paper driven. Psychological are most decision makers look at regulation as extra constraints to their operations. Financial are a critical element is the cost implication. Technical can create a flexible framework that can nurture a business can serve well for the regulators. Political and public pressure on regulators are certainly other factors. New political may mean some will regulation will be withdrawn from the market and now ones can be introduced.† The BMW Group's corporate culture is clear with responsibility, mutual respect and trust. Lawful conduct and fair competition are integral to our business activities and an important condition for securing the long-term success of our company. BMW Group also established a compliance management system equipped with instruments and measure to help associates and managers handle legal risks and therefore ensure legal compliance. Regulatory Specialist for â€Å"Oasis Petroleum† – This position is responsible for state and local environmental and regulatory permitting in support of oil and gas operations. The duties will include regulatory reporting at the State and Federal levels. The job functions are responsible for the preparation and tracking of all regulatory operations. Meet with government officials in the regulatory department to ensure company strategy align with rulemaking.Coordinate regulatory hearings and proceedings. Make certain all annual updates, renewal, and reports are submitted to state and local municipal entities. Keep company informed of any changes to permit requirements to ensure compliance.

Aol Time WarnerS Essays - Time Warner, Turner Broadcasting System

Aol Time WarnerS Essays - Time Warner, Turner Broadcasting System Aol Time WarnerS NEW YORKAmerica Online, Inc. (NYSE: AOL) and Time Warner Inc. (NYSE: TWX) announced today the management team and structure for AOL Time Warners finance organization, which will take effect upon completion of the merger of the two companies. In making the announcement, J. Michael Kelly, currently AOLs chief financial officer and senior vice president, who will become chief financial officer and executive vice president of AOL Time Warner, said: We have assembled an extraordinarily talented group of finance executives from throughout AOL and Time Warner, drawing on the strengths of both companies. This is the first step in building the foundation for a world-class finance function. We have the right team, with the right combination of skills and experience, to support the financial and strategic goals of the company and to help us realize the tremendous potential of our merger. Gerald M. Levin, chairman and CEO of Time Warner, who will become CEO of AOL Time Warner, said: Today's executive appointments will provide AOL Time Warner with an experienced, top-flight, hard-driving financial organization which can establish the operating metrics to support the growth opportunities that will help drive our continually accelerating performance. The following executives were named to key finance positions at AOL Time Warner: John LaBarca, senior vice president, financial operations. LaBarcas responsibilities will include merger integration tracking, internal audit and purchasing. He is currently senior vice president, financial operations at Time Warner Inc. He joined Time Warner in 1993. Frederick Yeager, senior vice president, finance. Yeagers responsibilities will include advising corporate senior management on key financial issues and representing the CFO on other matters. Yeager is currently vice president, finance and development at Time Warner Inc. He joined Time Warner in 1995. James Barge, vice president, controller. Barge will be responsible for corporate-wide reporting of internal and external financial results, accounting policy and procedures, corporate accounting as well as all SEC-related issues. He is currently vice president and controller at Time Warner Inc. He joined Time Warner in 1995. Warren Christie, vice president, tax. Christies responsibilities will include tax planning and tax compliance. He is currently vice president, tax at Time Warner Inc. He joined Time Warner in 1982. Landel Hobbs, vice president, financial analysis and operations support. Hobbss responsibilities will include budgets and financial and operational analysis of the results of the companys business units. He is currently senior vice president, controller and chief accounting officer for Turner Broadcasting System, Inc. He joined Turner Broadcasting in 1993. Melinda Mount, vice president, finance and acquisitions. Mounts responsibilities will include financial strategies, business planning, mergers and acquisitions, and competitive analysis. She is currently vice president, corporate strategy and development at Time Warner Inc. She joined Time Warner in 1995. Raymond Murphy, vice president, treasurer. Murphys responsibilities will include worldwide treasury activities, including capital markets, cash management, project finance, real estate and risk management. He is currently senior vice president and treasurer at America Online, Inc. He joined AOL in 1999. Founded in 1985, America Online, Inc. (NYSE: AOL) is the worlds leader in interactive services, Web brands, Internet technologies and e-commerce services. Time Warner Inc. (NYSE: TWX, www.timewarner.com) is the worlds leading media company. Its businesses include cable networks, publishing, music, filmed entertainment, cable and digital media. 2 DULLES, VA and NEW YORK, NY America Online, Inc. [NYSE:AOL] and Time Warner Inc. [NYSE: TWX] released the following joint statement in response to today's decision by the European Commission to approve their merger: We are very pleased with today's approval of our merger by the European Commission, another important step forward in the approval process. In addition to today's action by the EC, AOL and Time Warner received shareholder approval of their merger on June 23 and by last month had the necessary Time Warner Cable franchise approvals. The companies' discussions with U.S. regulators are proceeding well and the companies are confident they will conclude successfully. AOL and Time Warner said they are on track to close their merger this fall 3. DULLES, VA and NEW YORK, NY America Online, Inc. (NYSE:AOL) and Time Warner Inc. (NYSE:TWX) today announced that their shareholders have voted to approve the proposed merger of the two companies at special shareholders meetings held respectively

Mary kate and ashley essays

Mary kate and ashley essays As part of the American dream, everyone aspires to be prosperous. Despite the struggles along the way people still want to be rich for anything. For some people, making a lot of money comes easy to them than others. However, for Mary-Kate and Ashley Olson, that would be an understatement. Mary-Kate and Ashley were born June 13, 1986 in Sherman Oakes, California to David and Jarnette Olson. They began their acting career in 1987 when they were chosen to play the role of Michelle Tanner on the television series, Full House. The show became a hit with books, dolls, and other merchandise being sold to promote it. During the years the show was on the air, they had a TVQ, popularity rating, second only to Bill Cosby. The twins continued to share the role through the shows end in 1995. During the years of Full House they teamed up with Robert Thorne and created Dualstar, their production company. After various TV movies, big screen movies and TV series shows, the twins became the youngest producers in history at age 6. They also have a magazine and clothing line. By the time they were 10, they became the youngest self-made millionaires in American history. On their 17th birthday, the USs CNN announced not only their birthday, but also the twins financial worth, which is $150,000,000 for each. They are predicted that they may be billionaires by the time their 21. Not only are they millionaires, but theyre also gorgeous. They happen to be number 61 in the 100 sexiest women alive. These fraternal twins who look like identical twins, have built their own empire over the last 18 years. These twins have done everything you can possibly imagine involving entertainment; TV shows, movies, sing-a-longs, dances, plus make up, clothes, fragrance and a magazine. Therefore, Mary-Kate and Ashley have built their own name for them. Still extremely successful and earning more and more money th...

Effects of Video Games Upon Children and Their Behavior in the Real Research Paper

Effects of Video Games Upon Children and Their Behavior in the Real Life in the USA - Research Paper Example However, despite providing jobs and improving the economy, parents and organizations are concerned about the vast negative effects it has in the American society. Organizations such as the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry and the American Academy of Pediatrics state that, vulnerability to violent media, such as video games, can lead to real-life destructive behavior and harm minors in other ways (â€Å"Violent Video Games and Young People,† Harvard.edu). 2. Types of Video Games There are eight main categories of video games namely; action, adventure and role playing, arcade, strategy, simulation, driving and puzzle. a. Action: They are characterized by excessive violence and are generally fast-paced. Majority of mature-rated games fall under this category so they are not appropriate for children. Mild games in this category have suggestive themes. These games may depict a human being against another human being or a human being against an alien or an animal (C aruana, V., Caruana, C., and Bruner, focusonthefamily.com). b. Adventure and Role Playing: These games contain an element of fantasy. They are less violent and less graphic than action games. However, they do contain some level of violence. c. Arcade: Games in this category range from being violent to classic. d. Strategy: These games require the making of tactical movements by the players. They have no violence making them suitable for children but they are quite difficult to play. e. Simulation: Games in this category mainly consist of aircraft simulations. Majority of their themes revolve around destroying enemies. f. Driving: Most of these games involve racing, however, there are a few that are mission-based. Players initially choose car, and with time, they get better and better... This report approves that the impact of exposure to violence in games has become a matter of concern. According to statistics, majority of American teenagers own their own computer or video games and spend approximately five to thirteen hours a week playing these games. This essay makes a conclusion that video games have a prominent place in the culture of the United States. With the passing of time, video games have evolved in many ways. Today, they come with a range of categories from the most violent to the harmless. However, all these games carry some level of harm that mainly depends on the amount of time spent playing them. This has led to concerns about potential harms and effects in the usage of video games. Despite having a number of benefits, the use of video games has been found to contain vast negative effects. Consequently, federal and state laws have been formulated to control these harmful effects and especially on children and teenagers. Parental control is essential to decrease the negative effects of video games on minors. Parents should therefore keep a closer eye on the kinds of video games their children play. Controlling the number of hours children and teenagers spend playing video game is also a positive step towards controll ing their harmful effects. It is not clear how inappropriate video games get to inappropriate audience in the United States. Therefore, there is need for more reviews, tougher laws and censorship to control this.

Love- Ralston Valley Volunteer Fire Department Case Study

Love- Ralston Valley Volunteer Fire Department - Case Study Example e promotion objectives the Rick Wyatt should include in the marketing plan; and (2) to determine the promotional methods that should be designed and used to achieve those objectives. The promotion objectives that should be included in Rick Wyatt’s marketing plan are as follows: (1) to enhance public awareness for the recruitment of committed firefighter volunteers; (2) to apprise the community of the mission, vision and goals of the RVVFD; and (2) to use effective promotional and advertising mediums to ensure that an increase in the number of committed volunteers to as much as 20% per annum would be reached. the need to recruit new volunteers could be attained through effective use of promotional methods. Rick Wyatt, as a marketing degree major, is fully aware that the use of contemporary mediums, like social networking sites, is a potentially effective promotional avenue. As indicated, committed volunteers are needed to be recruited within the age range of 20 to 40. To tap this age group, social networking sites are most appropriate such as using Facebook and Twitter accounts. RVVFD should therefore design an official website where their mission, vision and goals are identified; as well as the plans for recruitment. All needed qualifications could be relayed such as preferred age ranges, physical fitness, genuine interest and commitment, and the benefits of camaraderie and giving back to society. Local newspapers and radio programs could also advertise the need for new volunteers who meet the identified criteria. The use of flyers, posters and spreading the word through current volunt eers’ employment affiliations could be potential sources of new recruits. Finally, by holding a scheduled fund-raising event, Wyatt could use this event to announce that RVVFD is recruiting more committed members and that the ideals and vision of the organization could be effectively announced and